![]() High wings can put low mounted tail surfaces in turbulence at high angles of attack during slow flight when tail surface effectiveness is most important. Wing position has a large impact on the design of the rest of the aircraft as well as directly on the wing itself. The position of the main wing can have an impact on the placement of tail surfaces. Here are sketches of various wing positions from Wikipedia: Many high performance aerobatic airplanes have mid mounted wings so they can perform equally well in any position. High wing designs are generally easier to fly because of the inherent stability of the pendulum effect but have more difficulty with aerobatics such as inverted or knife edge flight than ones with mid or low wings. The wing position can strongly affect overall airplane performance. The weight of the fuselage on a parasol wing serves the same righting affect as a high dihedral value does for a low wing. The higher a wing is mounted the less dihedral is needed. Wings can be mounted in various positions which then effect other wing design considerations. Wing Shape: Rectangular, tapered, elliptical, delta, swept back, forward swept, flying wings (various). Wing mounting position: Low, mid, shoulder, high or parasol.Ģ. There are a number of factors to consider when designing a wing. ![]() Here is Stout Trainer with the more aggressive of those two, the straight flat bottomed wing: My current wing designs for the Stout Trainer are both flat bottomed. To fully investigate the upper end aerobatic potential for this aircraft a fully symmetrical wing option makes sense. I will use my Stout Trainer as a second example since I currently have only flat bottomed wings designed for it. The purpose of this article is to delve into the minutia of wing design. The article showed how to build the wing but did not go into a lot of detail about how the design was developed. Here is a picture of the resulting model with its wing in the foreground: The subject model, the Blue Streak has a low mounted tapered wing. The first model that I designed with a symmetrical wing was the subject of my most recent article, " Making Fully Symmetrical Curved Wings from DTFB". You can do tapered or straight, with or without dihedral, varying thicknesses, with or without wash-out, various aileron designs, etc. Many different wing shapes and sizes can be designed and built using these methods. They do not penetrate the air well but can stay aloft at very low speeds.This article discusses the design considerations I use in designing Smooth Curved Surface Symmetrical Wings made from DTFB using modified Flite Test building methods. Modified Flat bottom airfoils are used for powered aircraft that are willing to make the compromise of having more drag in exchange for slow flight or high lift capabilities. It is possible to trim this trait out, but it means spending hours tweaking the wing incidence, decalage (angle difference between the upper and lower wings of a biplane), and engine thrust. They are next to impossible to trim properly because they are extremely speed sensitive. ![]() True flat-bottom airfoils are generally a poor choice for any design. If the biplane is intended to do precision aerobatics, however, then a fully symmetrical airfoil should be used. If the plane is to fly slowly or carry a heavy load (but is not intended to do aerobatics) then a semi-symmetrical or under-cambered airfoil should be considered.įor secondary trainers, sailplanes and sport aerobatic biplanes a semi-symmetrical is common choice. While flat (slab) surfaces, which are symmetrical sections by definition, work well for tail surfaces up to a point they aren’t as good as a true airfoil. A true aerobat should always have symmetrical tail surfaces too. If the plane is to be a precision aerobat then a symmetrical airfoil is most appropriate because it flies the same in any given attitude. If you want help for your research go toįor a full database of airfoil plotting co-ordinates and many more Links, go toĬhoosing an appropriate airfoil family for any given design is usually simple. Frequently, the question arises as to what airfoil or airfoils were used in the wing design of a particular aircraft.
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